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Viral Eco-Genomic Tools: Development and Implementation for Aquatic Biomonitoring.
Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab1, Abdou Kamal Allayeh2, Hany Abdelfattah Elhady3
1Pharmacology Department and Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Skaka 11564, Saudi Arabia.
Summary
Aquatic environments pose risks from enteric viruses (EVs). Eco-genomic tools, including next-generation sequencing, offer advanced methods for effective aquatic biomonitoring and public health protection.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Virology
- Public Health Microbiology
- Aquatic Ecotoxicology
Background:
- Enteric viruses (EVs) in aquatic environments present significant public health and ecological risks.
- Early and accurate detection of EVs is crucial for maintaining water sanitation and implementing effective treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of conventional and advanced eco-genomic tools for aquatic biomonitoring of EVs.
- To guide the development of improved water pollution monitoring tools for EVs.
Main Methods:
- Review of conventional and modern eco-genomic techniques for EV detection.
- Integration of bioinformatics with genetic tools such as cloning sequencing, DNA microarray, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and metagenomic sequencing.
- Analysis of viral genome pools from aquatic samples.
Main Results:
- No single viral detection method is perfect; integrated platforms offer advantages for comprehensive evaluation.
- The total viral genome pool accurately reflects aquatic ecosystem pollution levels.
- Molecular-based technologies, despite higher initial costs, provide high-throughput capabilities essential for modern biomonitoring.
Conclusions:
- Regular, year-round sampling and analysis of the viral genome pool are recommended for robust EV monitoring systems.
- Molecular techniques should complement conventional methods for enhanced aquatic ecosystem biomonitoring.
- Continuous implementation of eco-genetic detection tools is vital for effective EV monitoring in aquatic environments.
