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Related Concept Videos

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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MicroRNA-Based Diagnosis and Therapy.

Phuong T B Ho1, Ian M Clark2, Linh T T Le1

  • 1Biotechnology Department, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam.

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|July 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This review explores microRNAs (miRNAs), their roles in disease, and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents. It covers miRNA transport, detection methods, clinical panels, and therapeutic applications in human pathologies.

Keywords:
circulating microRNAclinical applicationmiRNA-based diagnosismiRNA-based therapyprognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression.
  • Dysregulated miRNA expression is linked to various human disorders.
  • Stable circulating miRNAs show promise as disease biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review miRNA intracellular and extracellular trafficking.
  • To highlight circulating miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
  • To discuss miRNA measurement techniques and challenges.
  • To present available circulating miRNA panels for clinical use.
  • To explore miRNA-based therapeutics and clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of miRNA biology, biomarker potential, and therapeutic applications.
  • Analysis of current miRNA detection methodologies and associated technical issues.
  • Survey of existing clinical miRNA panels.
  • Compilation of data on miRNA-based therapeutic strategies and ongoing clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs traffic through complex intra- and extracellular mechanisms.
  • Circulating miRNAs offer a stable and accessible source for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Standardized measurement of circulating miRNAs is crucial for reliable biomarker utility.
  • Several miRNA panels are emerging for clinical applications.
  • miRNA-based therapies hold significant potential for treating various human diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating miRNAs are valuable biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Advancements in measurement techniques are vital for clinical translation.
  • miRNA-based therapeutics represent a promising frontier in personalized medicine.
  • Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of miRNA-based treatments for diverse pathologies.