Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...

Bone Structure

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Effect of Long-Term Exercise on the Production of Osteoclastogenic and Antiosteoclastogenic Cytokines by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and on Serum Markers of Bone Metabolism.

Journal of osteoporosis·2016

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

Special Issue "Bone Ontogeny, Embryology, and Homeostasis".

John Kelly Smith¹

¹Departments of Medical Education and Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 70300, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|July 9, 2022

Summary

This special issue explores bone development and homeostasis, focusing on molecular-level research in the skeletal system. Discover recent advancements in understanding bone biology from embryology to adulthood.

More Related Videos

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Published on: July 21, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Published on: July 21, 2023

Area of Science:

Bone biology and skeletal system research.
Developmental biology and embryology.
Molecular and cellular biology.

Background:

This special issue focuses on the ontogeny, embryology, and homeostasis of bone.
It highlights recent research advancements in skeletal biology.
The content emphasizes a molecular-level understanding of the skeletal system.

Discussion:

Exploring the intricate processes of bone formation and maintenance.
Integrating molecular insights into the broader context of skeletal health.
Discussing the implications of new research for understanding bone disorders.

Key Insights:

Recent molecular research has significantly advanced our understanding of bone development.
Homeostasis mechanisms in bone are complex and involve multiple molecular pathways.
Embryonic development lays the foundation for adult skeletal structure and function.

Outlook:

Future research directions in skeletal biology and molecular bone research.
Potential therapeutic targets identified through molecular-level investigations.
Advancing the understanding of skeletal diseases through continued molecular exploration.