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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Development of a Mortality Prediction Model in Hospitalised SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients Based on Routine Kidney

Anna N Boss1, Abhirup Banerjee2, Michail Mamalakis3

  • 1School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients increases mortality risk. Kidney biomarkers can help predict fatal outcomes in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients, aiding early intervention.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2kidney functionprediction model

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
  • AKI in SARS-CoV-2 patients is associated with a higher mortality rate.
  • Predictive models for mortality in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze kidney blood biomarker differences in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with non-fatal versus fatal outcomes.
  • To develop and validate a mortality prediction model for hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients using kidney biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients admitted to a UK hospital (March-August 2020).
  • Included adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 and kidney biomarker tests within 36 hours of RT-PCR.
  • Logistic regression and random forest models were used, incorporating age, sex, ethnicity, sodium, and urea (creatinine in RF model).

Main Results:

  • The random forest (RF) model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.820 (95% CI: 0.740-0.870).
  • The logistic regression model achieved an AUROC of 0.772 (95% CI: 0.694-0.823).
  • These models demonstrate the utility of kidney biomarkers in predicting mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney biomarkers, alongside clinical factors, can effectively predict 90-day in-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 patients.
  • This study presents the first validated prediction model focusing on kidney biomarkers for in-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • The findings support the use of kidney biomarkers for risk stratification and management of SARS-CoV-2 patients.