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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Interleukin 15 in Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.

Yang Zhou1, Tiffany Husman1, Xinjian Cen1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 9, 2022
PubMed
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Interleukin 15 (IL-15) enhances chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T and natural killer (NK) cell therapies for cancer. This review explores IL-15

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NK cellT celladoptive cell transfercancerchimeric antigen receptorengineeringimmunotherapyinterleukin 15

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cell-based cancer immunotherapy, including CAR T and NK cell therapies, is a revolutionary treatment.
  • Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that boosts T and NK cell responses, potentially improving cell therapy efficacy.
  • IL-15 supports CD8+ memory T cell persistence and inhibits IL-2-induced T cell death, promoting long-term anti-tumor immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biology of IL-15.
  • To summarize studies on IL-15 and its derivatives in immunotherapy.
  • To discuss IL-15-armored immune cells in adoptive cell therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of IL-15 biology and applications in cell-based immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of studies on IL-15 administration and IL-15-engineered immune cells.
  • Discussion of advantages, challenges, and future directions for IL-15 in cell therapy.

Main Results:

  • IL-15 administration and IL-15-armored cells show potential to enhance adoptive cell therapy.
  • IL-15 supports immune cell persistence and function, crucial for anti-tumor immunity.
  • Incorporating IL-15 presents both opportunities and challenges in clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • IL-15 is a promising cytokine for enhancing cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
  • Further research is needed to optimize IL-15 integration into adoptive cell therapy strategies.
  • IL-15 holds significant potential for improving long-term anti-tumor immune responses.