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Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Real-Time Quantification of Reactive Oxygen Species in Neutrophils Infected with Meningitic Escherichia Coli
Published on: April 20, 2021
Bioenergetics and Reactive Nitrogen Species in Bacteria
Vitaliy B Borisov1, Elena Forte2
1Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Abstract:
The production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) by the innate immune system is part of the host's defense against invading pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the molecular basis of the effects of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite on microbial respiration and energy conservation. We discuss possible molecular mechanisms underlying RNS resistance in bacteria mediated by unique respiratory oxygen reductases, the mycobacterial bcc-aa3 supercomplex, and bd-type cytochromes. A complete picture of the impact of RNS on microbial bioenergetics is not yet available. However, this research area is developing very rapidly, and the knowledge gained should help us develop new methods of treating infectious diseases.
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