ES-RED (Early Seizure Recurrence in the Emergency Department) Calculator: A Triage Tool for Seizure Patients

Seizure is a common neurological presentation in patients visiting the emergency department (ED) that requires time for evaluation and observation. Timely decision and disposition standards for seizure patients need to be established to prevent overcrowding in the ED and achieve patients' safety. Here, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to predict early seizure recurrence in the ED (ES-RED). We randomly assigned 688 patients to the derivation and validation cohorts (2:1 ratio). Prediction equations extracted routine clinical and laboratory information from EDs using logistic regression (Model 1) and machine learning (Model 2) methods. The prediction equations showed good predictive performance, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve showing 0.808 in Model 1 [95% confidential interval (CI): 0.761-0.853] and 0.805 in Model 2 [95% CI: 0.747-0.857] in the derivation cohort. In the external validation, the models showed strong prediction performance of 0.739 [95% CI: 0.640-0.824] in Model 1 and 0.738 [95% CI: 0.645-0.819] in Model 2. Intriguingly, the lowest quartile group showed no ES-RED after 6 h. The ES-RED calculator, our proposed prediction equation, would provide strong evidence for safe and appropriate disposition of adult resolved seizure patients from EDs, reducing overcrowding and delays and improving patient safety.