Effects of Peripheral Electromagnetic Fields on Spasticity: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

• Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are increasingly explored for therapeutic applications, particularly in managing spasticity.
• While EMFs applied to the brain have been studied for spasticity, peripheral applications remain less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and analyze the effects of peripherally applied electromagnetic fields on spasticity.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review of 10 clinical trials was conducted.
• Interventions involved EMFs with frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 150 Hz (most commonly 25 Hz).
• Intensity was gradually increased, but with low homogeneity across studies.

Main Results:

• 80% of the studies reported positive outcomes for spasticity.
• Observed improvements included stretch reflex threshold, spasticity scores (clinical and Ashworth scale), and functional measures like active/passive dorsal flexion.
• Positive effects were also noted in self-reported difficulties, spastic tone, and Hmax/Mmax Ratio.

Conclusions:

• Peripherally applied EMFs demonstrate potential therapeutic benefits for spasticity.
• Caution is advised due to significant heterogeneity and a small number of studies.
• Standardization of parameters and outcome measures is recommended for future research to objectively assess effectiveness.