Recognition Method of Knob Gear in Substation Based on YOLOv4 and Darknet53-DUC-DSNT

When unattended substations are popular, the knob is a vital monitoring object for unattended substations. However, in the actual scene of the substation, the recognition method of a knob gear has low accuracy. The main reasons are as follows. Firstly, the SNR of knob images is low due to the influence of lighting conditions, which are challenging to extract image features. Secondly, the image deviates from the front view affected by the shooting angle; that knob has a certain deformation, which causes the feature judgment to be disturbed. Finally, the feature distribution of each kind of knob is inconsistent, which interferes with image extraction features and leads to weak spatial generalization ability. For the above problems, we propose a three-stage knob gear recognition method based on YOLOv4 and Darknet53-DUC-DSNT models for the first time and apply key point detection of deep learning to knob gear recognition for the first time. Firstly, YOLOv4 is used as the knob area detector to find knobs from a picture of a cabinet panel. Then, Darknet53, which can extract features, is used as the backbone network for keypoint detection of knobs, combined with DUC structure to recover detailed information and DSNT structure to enhance feature extraction and improve spatial generalization ability. Finally, we obtained the knob gear by calculating the angle between the line of the rotating center point and the pointing point and horizontal direction. The experimental results show that this method effectively solves the above problems and improves the performance of knob gear detection.