Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Pipe Systems01:21

Multiple Pipe Systems

832
Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
832
Multimachine Stability01:25

Multimachine Stability

226
Multimachine stability analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics and stability of power systems with multiple synchronous machines. The objective is to solve the swing equations for a network of M machines connected to an N-bus power system.
In analyzing the system, the nodal equations represent the relationship between bus voltages, machine voltages, and machine currents. The nodal equation is given by:
226
Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits01:21

Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits

148
Determining the subtransient fault current in a power system involves representing transformers by their leakage reactances, transmission lines by their equivalent series reactances, and synchronous machines as constant voltage sources behind their subtransient reactances. In this analysis, certain elements are excluded, such as winding resistances, series resistances, shunt admittances, delta-Y phase shifts, armature resistance, saturation, saliency, non-rotating impedance loads, and small...
148
Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway01:21

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

285
Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
285
Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

971
Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...
971
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

436
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
436

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Erratum: PAK1 Promotes the Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis of Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells via PDK1/KDR/ZNF367 and ERK1/2 and AKT Pathways.

Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids·2025
Same author

The Structural Role of RPN10 in the 26S Proteasome and an RPN2-Binding Residue on RPN13 Are Functionally Important in Arabidopsis.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

Fault Diagnosis Method for Space Fluid Loop Systems Based on Improved Evidence Theory.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

The impact of government subsidy and weather on environmentally sustainable investment decision for agricultural supply chain.

PloS one·2023
Same author

The Arabidopsis Deubiquitylase OTU5 Suppresses Flowering by Histone Modification-Mediated Activation of the Major Flowering Repressors <i>FLC</i>, <i>MAF4</i>, and <i>MAF5</i>.

International journal of molecular sciences·2023
Same author

Conditional empirical wavelet transform with modified ratio of cyclic content for bearing fault diagnosis.

ISA transactions·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

A Cost-effective and Reliable Method to Predict Mechanical Stress in Single-use and Standard Pumps
07:34

A Cost-effective and Reliable Method to Predict Mechanical Stress in Single-use and Standard Pumps

Published on: August 5, 2015

9.6K

Safety Impact Analysis Considering Physical Failures and Cyber-Attacks for Mechanically Pumped Loop Systems (MPLs).

Wenbo Wu1,2, Lu Zhang1,2, Hongyong Fu1,2

  • 1Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Mechanically pumped loop systems face risks from physical failures and cyber-attacks. Sensor failures, especially gradual ones, pose the greatest threat to MPL safety.

Keywords:
cyber-attackmechanically pumped loop systemsphysical failuresafety impact analysis

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
04:35

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment

Published on: July 5, 2024

2.0K
Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
11:12

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves

Published on: October 17, 2013

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 5, 2025

A Cost-effective and Reliable Method to Predict Mechanical Stress in Single-use and Standard Pumps
07:34

A Cost-effective and Reliable Method to Predict Mechanical Stress in Single-use and Standard Pumps

Published on: August 5, 2015

9.6K
Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
04:35

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment

Published on: July 5, 2024

2.0K
Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
11:12

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves

Published on: October 17, 2013

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Complex systems engineering
  • Cyber-physical systems security
  • Control systems analysis

Background:

  • Mechanically pumped loop systems (MPLs) integrate physical and cyber components, making them susceptible to both physical failures and cyber-attacks.
  • The impact of these threats on MPL operations and their severity assessment remains largely unexplored.
  • Existing safety analysis methods may not adequately address the unique vulnerabilities of cyber-physical systems like MPLs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and propose a novel safety impact analysis framework for MPLs.
  • To quantitatively assess the severity of physical failures and cyber-attacks on MPL operations.
  • To identify critical vulnerabilities and inform protective strategies for MPLs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an Elman Neural Network (ENN) observer for system state estimation and anomaly detection.
  • Employed the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) algorithm for robust failure and attack mode classification.
  • Simulated and analyzed three common threat scenarios: sudden sensor hard failure, gradual sensor soft failure, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.

Main Results:

  • Simulation data confirmed that both sensor failures and DoS attacks compromise MPL safety.
  • Sensor failures, particularly gradual soft failures, were found to inflict more severe harm than DoS attacks.
  • Sensors critical for global control were identified as requiring enhanced protection compared to those in local control.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed ENN and GMM based framework effectively assesses the safety impact of physical and cyber threats on MPLs.
  • Gradual sensor degradation represents a significant and potentially underestimated risk to MPL operational integrity.
  • Prioritizing the security of globally critical sensors is essential for maintaining the overall safety and reliability of MPLs.