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Related Concept Videos

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

327
In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
327
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

338
In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
338
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

258
Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
258
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

897
Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
897
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

995
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
995

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A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials
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An Overview of In Vitro Drug Release Methods for Drug-Eluting Stents.

Navideh Abbasnezhad1,2, Nader Zirak1,2, Stéphane Champmartin1

  • 1Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France.

Polymers
|July 9, 2022
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Summary

Drug-eluting stents (DESs) require better in vitro testing methods for improved safety and efficacy. This review explores current in vitro release testing techniques for DESs, addressing challenges and in vitro-in vivo correlations.

Keywords:
IVIV correlationdrug-eluting stentsflow conditionshydrogelsin vitro release testing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cardiovascular Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Drug-eluting stents (DESs) are crucial in treating coronary artery disease, reducing restenosis.
  • Despite two decades of use, DESs need further development to minimize side effects and enhance long-term stability.
  • Current in vitro analysis methods for DESs lack global standardization due to device complexity and biological interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review existing in vitro release testing methods for drug-eluting stents (DESs).
  • To discuss the challenges in developing standardized bio-relevant apparatus for DES in vitro testing.
  • To explore the correlation between in vitro and in vivo release profiles of DESs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of in vitro release testing methodologies for DESs.
  • Analysis of factors influencing drug release from DES formulations and designs.
  • Examination of biological, chemical, and physical interactions within the arterial environment relevant to DES performance.

Main Results:

  • A wide array of in vitro release testing methods are employed for DESs, but none are universally accepted.
  • The complexity of DESs and the dynamic arterial environment pose significant challenges to standardization.
  • Correlations between in vitro and in vivo drug release data are crucial but difficult to establish.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized in vitro testing is essential for the future development and clinical success of drug-eluting stents.
  • Further research is needed to develop bio-relevant in vitro models that accurately predict in vivo DES performance.
  • Bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo data is critical for optimizing DES safety and efficacy.