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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes
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Engineered exosomes for studies in tumor immunology.

Ahmet Alptekin1, Mahrima Parvin1, Hasanul I Chowdhury1

  • 1Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|July 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Engineered exosomes, small vesicles secreted by cells, show promise for targeted drug delivery due to their biocompatibility and stability. Genetic customization offers vast potential for future diagnostics and therapeutics.

Keywords:
designer's exosomesengineered exosomesmanipulation of biogenesis, exosomes, and immune cellsseparation of exosomestherapeutic exosomes

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) crucial for cell-to-cell communication.
  • Their inherent properties like biocompatibility and stability make them ideal drug carriers.
  • Engineered exosomes offer enhanced targeting and therapeutic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review exosome biogenesis, markers, and contents.
  • To discuss methods for engineering exosomes.
  • To explore the therapeutic applications of engineered exosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on exosome biology and engineering.
  • Analysis of current techniques for exosome modification.
  • Examination of studies utilizing engineered exosomes for therapeutic targeting.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes facilitate intercellular communication and cargo delivery.
  • Engineered exosomes can be customized for specific therapeutic goals.
  • Targeting of immune cells in tumors, stroke, and peripheral blood is feasible.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic engineering of exosomes presents significant opportunities for diagnostics and treatment.
  • The full potential of engineered exosomes is yet to be realized.
  • Further research is needed to explore the vast applications of designer exosomes.