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Subtypes of obstructive sleep apnea in children and related factors

Yunxiao Wu1, Li Zheng2, Guanqun Cui3

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
|July 9, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Positional obstructive sleep apnea (P-OSA) affects 38.2% of children with OSA, while rapid eye movement-related OSA (REM-OSA) affects 43.0%. Age and OSA severity are linked to both subtypes, but obesity and sex are not significant factors.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory disorder in children.
  • Understanding specific OSA subtypes, such as positional OSA (P-OSA) and REM-OSA, is crucial for effective management.
  • Factors influencing these subtypes in pediatric populations require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of P-OSA and REM-OSA in children diagnosed with OSA.
  • To identify demographic, anthropometric, and polysomnographic factors associated with P-OSA and REM-OSA.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted on 474 children aged 2-12 years diagnosed with OSA via polysomnography (PSG).
  • Data collected included demographics, anthropometrics, PSG results, and the OSA-18 questionnaire.
  • Statistical analysis identified correlations between patient characteristics and the prevalence of P-OSA and REM-OSA.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of P-OSA was 38.2% and REM-OSA was 43.0%.
  • P-OSA prevalence correlated with age and obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI).
  • REM-OSA prevalence correlated with age, adenoid size, tonsil size, and OAHI. Sex and obesity were not significantly associated with either subtype.

Conclusions:

  • P-OSA and REM-OSA are prevalent subtypes of pediatric OSA.
  • Age and OSA severity are key factors associated with both P-OSA and REM-OSA.
  • Adenoid and tonsil size are specifically linked to REM-OSA, highlighting potential differences in underlying mechanisms.
Abstract

Keywords:
childobstructivesleep apneasubtype

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