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Incidence and outcomes of surgical site infection after cardiovascular surgery (complete republication)

Wataru Tatsuishi1,2, Hiroyuki Yamamoto3, Masanao Nakai4

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Showa-machi 3-39-22, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan. wataru0812_drt@yahoo.co.jp.

General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|July 9, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Surgical site infections after cardiovascular surgery remain a concern, with deep sternal wound infections impacting hospital death rates. Despite low incidence, these infections significantly worsen patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Surgical site infection (SSI) is a significant complication in cardiovascular surgery, adversely affecting patient recovery.
  • Understanding the current incidence and impact of SSI is crucial for improving postoperative outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in cardiovascular surgery.
  • To analyze the association between SSI and postoperative outcomes using national registry data.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 53,186 thoracic cardiovascular surgery cases from the Japan Cardiovascular Surgery Database (2018).
  • Classification into three groups: coronary artery bypass graft with saphenous vein graft (SVG+), coronary artery bypass graft without SVG (SVG-), and other non-CABG operations.
  • Examination of deep sternal wound infection, leg wound infection, hospital death, and prolonged hospitalization (>90 days).

Main Results:

  • The overall incidence of deep sternal wound infection was 1.4%, with variations across groups (SVG+: 1.7%, SVG-: 1.2%, no CABG: 1.4%).
  • Deep sternal wound infection was associated with a significantly higher hospital death rate (24.7%) compared to non-infected cases, particularly in the no CABG group (30.1%).
  • Patients with deep sternal wound infection experienced higher rates of long-term hospitalization and 30-day readmission.

Conclusions:

  • Deep sternal wound infection incidence in cardiovascular surgery remains low but has not shown a decrease.
  • Surgical site infections continue to be associated with poor postoperative outcomes, including increased mortality and prolonged hospital stays.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular surgeryDatabaseDeep sternal wound infectionSurgical site infection

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