Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

427
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
427
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

315
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
315
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

329
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
329
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

193
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
193
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

232
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
232
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

903
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
903

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Practice Patterns and Overall Survival for Octogenarians with Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treated at Accredited Cancer Centers in the USA.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

ASO Visual Abstract: Practice Patterns and Overall Survival for Octogenarians with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated at Accredited Cancer Centers in the United States.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Options for Base-of-Thumb Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

The Journal of hand surgery·2026
Same author

Case 11-2026: A 24-Year-Old Man with Depression, Anhedonia, and Fatigue.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Emerging Endemic Area for Blastomycosis, New York, USA, 2000-2024.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Role of Thoracic Ultrasound in Predicting Prognosis in Patients With Parapneumonic Effusions.

Journal of bronchology & interventional pulmonology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration E-TTNA for Sampling of Lung Nodules
06:03

Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration E-TTNA for Sampling of Lung Nodules

Published on: May 23, 2015

22.4K

A 28-Year-Old Man With Diffuse Bilateral Pulmonary Nodules.

Kiran Pokhrel1, Suzanne Barry2, Ammoura Ibrahim3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY.

Chest
|July 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A 28-year-old man with congenital HIV presented with confusion and malaise. His condition highlights the critical need for consistent antiretroviral therapy adherence in managing HIV.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules
10:26

Author Spotlight: A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

Published on: May 19, 2023

2.0K
Author Spotlight: Advancing 3D Modeling for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules in Early-Stage Lung Cancer
07:53

Author Spotlight: Advancing 3D Modeling for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules in Early-Stage Lung Cancer

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration E-TTNA for Sampling of Lung Nodules
06:03

Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration E-TTNA for Sampling of Lung Nodules

Published on: May 23, 2015

22.4K
Author Spotlight: A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules
10:26

Author Spotlight: A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

Published on: May 19, 2023

2.0K
Author Spotlight: Advancing 3D Modeling for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules in Early-Stage Lung Cancer
07:53

Author Spotlight: Advancing 3D Modeling for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules in Early-Stage Lung Cancer

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • A 28-year-old male with congenital Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with a 3-day history of generalized malaise and confusion.
  • The patient had a history of a low CD4 count (250 cells/mm³) five years prior, with no documented complications of HIV at that time.
  • Prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART), including Stribild (elvitegravir-cobicistat-emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) and darunavir, but pharmacy records indicated non-adherence as prescriptions were not filled.

Observation:

  • The patient exhibited confusion and malaise, with mild dyspnea but no respiratory distress, fever, chest pain, or headache.
  • Due to encephalopathy, obtaining a comprehensive medical, family, or social history was not possible, and no contact person was available.
  • Review of medical records confirmed an initial clinic visit to the Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease five years prior, with no subsequent follow-up.

Findings:

  • The patient's presentation suggests potential complications arising from long-term non-adherence to prescribed antiretroviral therapy for congenital HIV.
  • Encephalopathy, presenting as confusion and malaise, is a serious neurological complication that can occur in advanced HIV disease.
  • The lack of ART adherence, despite a history of low CD4 count, likely contributed to disease progression and the current clinical state.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical importance of consistent antiretroviral therapy adherence for individuals with congenital HIV to prevent disease progression and severe complications.
  • Effective patient education, adherence support programs, and regular clinical monitoring are essential for managing chronic conditions like HIV.
  • Neurological complications such as encephalopathy in HIV-positive individuals necessitate prompt diagnosis and management, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach.