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Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
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Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Nanoplastic Toxicity: Insights and Challenges from Experimental Model Systems.

Laura Schröter1, Natascia Ventura2

  • 1IUF-Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 10, 2022
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Nanoplastic particles (NPs) are increasingly found in the environment and can enter living organisms. This review summarizes their toxic effects on health, focusing on cellular and in vivo studies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanoplastic particles (NPs) originate from degraded consumer products and contaminate air, water, and food.
  • Exposure to NPs occurs through various routes, with documented internalization in aquatic, terrestrial, and human cell models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the toxic effects of nanoplastic particles (NPs).
  • To highlight key aspects relevant to NP toxicity, including internalization mechanisms and structural modifications.
  • To identify major achievements, knowledge gaps, and future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on nanoplastic particle toxicity.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing cellular systems and in vivo model organisms.
  • Examination of particle internalization and structural modification data.

Main Results:

  • Growing body of research indicates potential health impacts of NPs, particularly polystyrene particles.
  • Evidence of NP internalization across diverse biological systems (in vitro and in vivo).
  • Identification of critical factors influencing NP toxicity, such as size and surface properties.

Conclusions:

  • Further systematic studies, especially using in vivo models, are crucial to advance understanding of NP toxicity.
  • Addressing knowledge gaps in NP internalization and long-term health effects is essential.
  • Standardized experimental approaches are needed for reliable NP risk assessment.