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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Understanding the bidirectional interactions between two-dimensional materials, microorganisms, and the immune

Guotao Peng1, Bengt Fadeel1

  • 1Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|July 10, 2022
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Two-dimensional (2D) materials interact with the immune system and microbes. This review explores their biomedical potential, including drug delivery and tissue regeneration, while considering safety.

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2D materialsImmune systemMicroorganismsNano-bio interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials possess unique physicochemical properties driving significant interest in medicine.
  • Understanding 2D material interactions with the immune system and microorganisms is crucial for biomedical applications.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the potential of 2D materials to interact with both pathogenic and commensal microbes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a systems perspective on the biological interactions of 2D materials.
  • To explore the interplay between 2D materials, the immune system, and the microbial world.
  • To discuss current and future challenges in the biomedical applications of 2D materials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on 2D materials in biological contexts.
  • Discussion of specific applications such as drug delivery, immune adjuvants, and tissue regeneration.
  • Analysis of bio-corona formation, biodegradation, and microbe-2D material interactions.

Main Results:

  • 2D materials show promise as drug delivery vectors and immune adjuvants.
  • These materials can modulate inflammation and promote tissue regeneration.
  • Bio-corona formation and biodegradation influence 2D material behavior in biological systems.
  • Reciprocal interactions between 2D materials and microorganisms are significant.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of 2D material-biology interactions is essential for safe and effective biomedical use.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges in developing 2D material-based therapies.
  • The integration of 2D materials with immune and microbial systems offers novel therapeutic avenues.