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Subviral Agents

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

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In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

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Nonarboviral Equine Encephalitides.

Ramiro E Toribio¹

¹College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon Tharp Street, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice

|July 10, 2022

Summary

This article overviews equine neurologic diseases caused by nonarboviral encephalitides, focusing on rabies and Borna disease. It details their pathophysiology and clinical signs in horses.

Keywords:

Borna disease Bornaviruses Encephalitis Encephalomyelitis Lyssaviruses Rabies Rhabdoviruses Zoonosis

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Neurology
Equine Infectious Diseases
Virology

Background:

Equids are susceptible to neurologic diseases from various viral infections.
Viruses from Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Herpesviridae, Bornaviridae, and Bunyaviridae families are significant concerns.
Inflammation may be present but its absence does not exclude viral neurologic disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical aspects of nonarboviral equine encephalitides.
To specifically focus on lyssaviruses (rabies) and bornaviruses (Borna disease) in equids.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing data on equine encephalitides.
Focus on pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical manifestations.
Comparative analysis of lyssavirus and bornavirus infections.

Main Results:

Nonarboviral encephalitides present diverse clinical signs and pathophysiologic changes in horses.
Rabies (lyssavirus) and Borna disease (bornavirus) are key examples of nonarboviral equine encephalitides.
Understanding these diseases is crucial for diagnosis and management in equine populations.

Conclusions:

Equine encephalitides caused by nonarboviral agents like rabies and Borna disease require careful consideration.
Pathophysiology and clinical signs vary, necessitating thorough diagnostic approaches.
Further research into these specific viral encephalitides can improve equine health outcomes.