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Vestibular Disease.

Monica Aleman1

  • 1SVM: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Tupper Hall 2108, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|July 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The vestibular system (VS) maintains balance and orientation through specialized reflexes. Most VS disorders cause ipsilateral deficits, but some rare exceptions show contralateral signs.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The vestibular system (VS) is crucial for balance and spatial orientation.
  • It comprises peripheral and central components involved in key reflexes.
  • Disorders of the VS can significantly impact neurological function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional anatomy of the vestibular system.
  • To discuss common and uncommon vestibular diseases and their clinical signs.
  • To provide examples of disorders affecting the VS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of functional anatomy.
  • Analysis of clinical signs associated with vestibular disorders.
  • Categorization of vestibular diseases based on lesion laterality.
Keywords:
BalanceBrainstemHair cellsNystagmusSemicircular

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Main Results:

  • Most vestibular system diseases cause ipsilateral neurological deficits.
  • Uncommon vestibular disorders may present with contralateral signs relative to the lesion site.
  • Understanding functional anatomy is key to diagnosing VS disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The vestibular system's anatomy and function are fundamental to maintaining equilibrium.
  • Clinical presentation of VS disorders, particularly laterality of deficits, aids in diagnosis.
  • This review provides a foundational understanding of vestibular anatomy and pathology.