Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

663
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
663
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

206
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
206
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

239
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
239
Dementia01:30

Dementia

164
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
164
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

151
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
151
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

136
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
136

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Revising the ABIDE MCI to dementia prediction model for automated cerebrospinal fluid assays.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Developing Topics.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Associations of lifestyle factors with amyloid pathology in persons without dementia.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2025
Same author

Depressive Symptoms and Amyloid Pathology.

JAMA psychiatry·2025
Same author

Controversies regarding lithium-associated weight gain: case-control study of real-world drug safety data.

International journal of bipolar disorders·2023
Same author

Cortical Amyloid Burden Relates to Basal Forebrain Volume in Subjective Cognitive Decline.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

7.6K

A Comparison of Operational Definitions for Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Alexandra Polcher1,2, Steffen Wolfsgruber2, Oliver Peters3,4

  • 1Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|July 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Operationalizing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using neuropsychological tests is crucial. The base rate corrected MCI definition best predicts dementia conversion and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseDSM-5 mild NCDbiomarkercognitionconversiondementiadiagnosismild cognitive impairmentprognosis

More Related Videos

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

32.7K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

784

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 5, 2025

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

7.6K
The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

32.7K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

784

Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Neurology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Clinical routine involves multiple cognitive tests for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • Guidelines for neuropsychological operationalization of MCI are currently lacking.
  • Standardized criteria are needed to define MCI for accurate diagnosis and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the most effective operational criteria for MCI.
  • To determine which criteria best predict conversion to dementia.
  • To assess which criteria identify individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study of 558 memory clinic patients without dementia.
  • Retrospective application of four operational definitions of MCI.
  • Comparison of prediction accuracy for dementia and AD biomarkers within three years.

Main Results:

  • The four MCI definitions showed considerable overlap.
  • MCI definitions identified 35-58% of the sample as impaired.
  • The base rate corrected MCI definition demonstrated the highest accuracy in predicting dementia and AD biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Operational MCI criteria are suitable for memory clinic settings.
  • These criteria identify individuals at high risk of clinical progression.
  • Criteria can aid in clinical judgment, reduce false positives, and enrich clinical trial groups.