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Therapeutic Vaccines for Tuberculosis: An Overview
1Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Frontiers in Immunology
|July 11, 2022
Summary
Therapeutic vaccines offer a new approach to combat drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) by aiding treatment and preventing relapse. These novel therapies, alongside monoclonal antibodies, show promise as adjunctive treatments for TB.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a leading global cause of bacterial death.
- Drug resistance to first-line antibiotics necessitates novel therapeutic strategies for TB treatment.
- Therapeutic vaccination is an emerging modality distinct from preventative vaccination, aiming to treat active TB or prevent relapse.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current therapeutic vaccination candidates and passive immunization strategies for tuberculosis.
- To discuss the proposed mechanisms of action for these novel TB treatments.
- To evaluate the potential clinical utility of therapeutic vaccination as an adjunct therapy for TB.
Main Methods:
- Review of ongoing clinical trials for therapeutic TB vaccines.
- Examination of pre-clinical development of passive immunization agents like monoclonal antibodies.
- Discussion of the mechanisms of action for various immunotherapeutic approaches.
Main Results:
- Several therapeutic vaccine candidates (killed whole-cell, live attenuated, fragment-based, viral-vectored) are in clinical trials.
- Monoclonal antibodies targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens are in pre-clinical development.
- These approaches aim to augment host immunity or directly target the pathogen.
Conclusions:
- Therapeutic vaccination and passive immunization represent promising adjunctive treatment options for tuberculosis.
- While clinical utility is not yet fully established, these novel strategies hold potential for managing TB, especially drug-resistant forms.
- Further research and clinical trials are essential to validate the efficacy of these immunotherapies.
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