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Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children

Saiko Matsumura1, Kazuhiko Dannoue2, Momoko Kawakami1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Frontiers in Public Health
|July 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Myopia prevalence in Japanese preschoolers is 2.9%, with longer axial length linked to older age, male sex, parental myopia, and screen time. Parental history aids early myopia risk identification.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Myopia is a growing global health concern, particularly in early childhood.
  • Understanding risk factors in preschool populations is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Limited data exists on myopia prevalence and associated factors in Japanese preschoolers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of myopia and high myopia in Japanese preschool children.
  • To investigate factors associated with spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), and the AL/CR ratio.
  • To identify early indicators for myopia risk in young children.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study involving 457 Japanese children aged 4-6 years.
  • Non-cycloplegic autorefraction (Spot Vision Screener) and axial length/corneal radius measurements (Myopia Master).
  • Multiple linear regression analysis to assess associations with SE, AL, and AL/CR ratio, considering parental myopia and environmental factors.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of myopia was 2.9% and high myopia was 0.2%.
  • Myopic SE was associated with male sex and parental myopia.
  • Longer AL correlated with older age, male sex, parental myopia, and increased screen time (>1 hour).
  • Higher AL/CR ratio linked to older age, male sex, and parental myopia.

Conclusions:

  • Myopia prevalence in this cohort was 2.9%, with significant associations found for sex, age, parental history, and screen time.
  • Parental myopia is a key predictor for identifying children at higher risk.
  • Early identification using parental myopia information can facilitate preventative strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
axial lengthaxial length to corneal radius of curvature ratiomyopiaparental myopiascreen timespherical equivalent

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