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Admission Pattern and Treatment Outcome in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Gemechu Edae1, Atnafu Mekonnen Tekleab2, Melaku Getachew3
1Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Arsi University, School of Medicine, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Insights
Critically ill children in Ethiopia
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Intensive Care
- Critical Care Medicine
- Global Health
Background:
- Understanding clinical profiles of critically ill children in developing nations is crucial for resource allocation and improved outcomes.
- Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) in these settings face unique challenges.
- This study focuses on a PICU in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the admission patterns of pediatric patients in a specific PICU.
- To determine the outcomes and mortality rates for critically ill children.
- To identify factors associated with patient outcomes in this setting.
Main Methods:
- An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted.
- Data was gathered via chart abstraction for patients admitted between January 2017 and December 2018.
- Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and logistic regressions using SPSS 20.0.
Main Results:
- 260 pediatric patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 48.13 months.
- The central nervous system and respiratory system were the most affected organ systems.
- Mechanical ventilation and post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation admission were significant predictors of mortality.
- Infectious causes were the leading reasons for admission and death.
Conclusions:
- The PICU mortality rate was 21.1%.
- Admission after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mechanical ventilation use are key predictors of mortality.
- Enhanced equipping and staffing of PICUs are essential to improve outcomes for critically ill children.
Background:
Knowledge of the clinical profile and outcomes of critically ill children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in developing countries aids with the identification of priorities and the resources needed to improve the outcome of critically ill patients. This study aimed to assess the admission pattern, outcomes, and associated factors of patients admitted to the PICU of St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods:
Institutional-based cross-sectional study was done. Data was collected through chart abstraction from patients admitted to the PICU between January 2017 and December 2018. SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and logistic regressions were used.
Results:
A total of 260 pediatric patients were analyzed. The mean age at admission was 48.13 ± 53.65 months, with M: F ratio of 1.4:1. The mean and median duration of PICU stay was 7.26 ±6.87 days, and 6.0 days respectively. The most commonly affected organ systems were the central nervous system (79, 33.2%) and respiratory system (55, 23.1%). Mechanical ventilation and admission after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of mortality. Infectious causes of illnesses were the leading causes of admission and death in the PICU.
Conclusion:
The mortality rate of our PICU was 21.1 %. In this study, post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation admission and use of mechanical ventilation were statistically significant predictors of mortality indicating the need for well equipping and staffing the PICU to improve the outcome of such critically sick patients.
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