Modeling Neurodegenerative Diseases Using In Vitro Compartmentalized Microfluidic Devices.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Cellular and Molecular Biology

Background:

• The human brain's complexity and cellular organization are crucial for information processing.
• Dysregulation of neural systems leads to neurodegenerative diseases (NDD).
• Existing research models (animal, cell cultures) have limitations in studying NDD pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and discuss recent advancements in microfluidic models for NDD research.
• To highlight the utility of brain-on-chip (BoC) systems in modeling neurological disorders.
• To focus on applications for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing compartmentalized microfluidic devices to create in vitro neural circuits.
• Developing brain-on-chip (BoC) platforms for precise neural system characterization.
• Reviewing literature on microfluidic applications in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS models.

Main Results:

• Microfluidic BoC models provide minimalistic, controlled environments for studying neural circuits.
• These advanced models enhance the investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms in NDD.
• BoC technology shows promise in overcoming limitations of traditional NDD research models.

Conclusions:

• Microfluidic brain-on-chip models represent a significant advancement in neurodegenerative disease research.
• These platforms facilitate a more accurate study of NDD pathophysiology.
• Continued development of BoC systems is crucial for therapeutic research and drug development for NDDs.