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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Differential Attention Functioning in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease.

Peter J Duquette1, Debbie S Gipson2, Stephen R Hooper3

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|July 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit specific attention deficits compared to typically developing peers. These attention problems, particularly in executive functions, are more pronounced with increased disease severity.

Keywords:
attentionattention dimensionschronic kidney diseasecognitionend-stage kidney disease

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects multiple organ systems, potentially impacting cognitive functions.
  • Attention is a complex cognitive process crucial for academic and daily functioning in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate specific attention functions in school-age children with CKD.
  • To compare attention dimensions between children with CKD and a typically developing control group.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study included 30 children with CKD (dialysis or conservative treatment) and 41 typically developing controls.
  • Attention was assessed using measures aligned with Mirsky's multidimensional model, evaluating Focus/Execute, Sustain, Stability, Shift, and Encode.
  • CKD patients were stratified into maintenance dialysis and mild/moderate conservative treatment groups.

Main Results:

  • Children with CKD performed significantly worse than controls on Focus/Execute, Sustain, and Encode dimensions.
  • A higher proportion of CKD children scored at-risk levels (≥1 SD below the mean) in Shift and Encode domains.
  • Disease severity correlated with poorer attention function in the CKD group.

Conclusions:

  • Children with CKD demonstrate specific vulnerabilities in multiple attention dimensions compared to peers.
  • Subtle attention deficits may be present even in mild to moderate CKD.
  • Attention impairments in CKD are linked to disease severity, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.