Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 5, 2025
05:49
Author Spotlight: Advancing CBCT and Digital Dental Image Integration with AI-Assisted Digitization
Published on: February 23, 2024
974
Localization of mandibular foramen - a comparison between dry bones and orthopantomogram
Ravdeep Kaur1, Rajan Kumar Singla2, Ravikant Sharma1
1Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Journal of Medicine and Life
|July 11, 2022
Summary
This study compared mandibular foramen (MF) location on dry bones versus panoramic X-rays. While OPGs are often unreliable, the mandibular notch offers a consistent landmark for surgeons.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Radiology
- Dentistry
Background:
- Inferior alveolar nerve blocks are common dental procedures.
- Accurate localization of the mandibular foramen (MF) is crucial for dental anesthesia and surgery.
- Panoramic radiography (orthopantomogram, OPG) is a standard imaging technique in dentistry.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the morphometric localization of the mandibular foramen (MF) on dry human mandibles and their corresponding orthopantomograms (OPGs).
- To assess the reliability of OPGs in identifying MF relative to anatomical landmarks.
- To provide guidance for surgeons regarding MF localization during clinical procedures.
Main Methods:
- A two-phase study involving 200 dry North Indian human mandibles.
- Phase I: Morphometric analysis of MF on dry bone specimens.
- Phase II: Morphometric analysis of MF on OPGs of the same mandibles, using statistical tests (paired t-test, Pearson's correlation).
Main Results:
- Significant differences were found in MF distances from mandibular borders between dry bones and OPGs.
- The MF-to-mandibular notch distance showed no significant difference between dry bone and OPG on either side.
- The MF-to-anterior border distance was not significantly different on the right side between dry bone and OPG.
Conclusions:
- The mandibular notch is a reliable landmark for locating the MF on OPGs during dental procedures.
- OPGs have limitations in precise MF localization due to inherent magnification.
- Advanced 3D imaging techniques are recommended for precise MF localization to protect anatomical structures.
Keywords:
dry mandibleinferior alveolar nerve blockmagnificationmandibular foramenpanoramic radiographMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:21Tooth Anatomy
991
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
991
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
2.6K
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
2.6K
01:14Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
2.7K
The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
2.7K
01:17Gross Anatomy of Bone
6.1K
The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
6.1K
01:18Classification of Bones
6.7K
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
6.7K
01:26Bone Markings
6.0K
Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
6.0K