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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions
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Extending drug release from implants via transcutaneous refilling with solid therapeutics.

Nicola Di Trani1, Fernanda P Pons-Faudoa1, Antons Sizovs2

  • 1Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Advanced Therapeutics
|July 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel refillable implantable drug delivery system (IDDS) for chronic conditions. The system allows transcutaneous refilling, significantly improving drug loading and extending therapeutic duration for long-acting treatments.

Keywords:
implantable drug delivery deviceslong-term drug deliverytranscutaneous refill

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Long-acting implantable drug delivery systems (LA IDDS) improve treatment adherence for chronic conditions but face limitations in drug loading capacity and lifespan.
  • Current LA IDDS often require surgical replacement, limiting long-term clinical utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel reservoir-based LA IDDS with transcutaneous refilling capabilities for solid drug formulations.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional LA IDDS regarding drug loading efficiency and lifespan.
  • To assess the clinical viability and safety of the refilling technology.

Main Methods:

  • A reservoir-based implantable drug delivery system (IDDS) was designed for transcutaneous refilling of solid drug formulations via needle injection.
  • Drug loading efficiency, implant dimensions, safety, access port robustness, and refilling procedures were systematically evaluated.
  • The system was tested in rats and nonhuman primates using therapeutics for type 2 diabetes and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Main Results:

  • The novel IDDS demonstrated a thousand-fold higher drug loading efficiency compared to conventional systems.
  • The implant's minimal volume and aspect ratio are suitable for discreet subcutaneous deployment.
  • Successful drug release extension and maintenance of equivalent pharmacokinetic profiles post-refilling were achieved in animal models.

Conclusions:

  • The developed transcutaneous refilling technology presents a clinically viable approach for long-acting drug delivery.
  • This innovation enables prolonged drug release for lifelong management or prevention of chronic diseases.
  • The system offers a significant advancement over existing LA IDDS, reducing the need for repeated surgical interventions.