Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference NPD
09:47

Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference NPD

Published on: September 13, 2018

16.5K

[Sodium-chlorine difference as a prognostic predictor in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19]

Francisco Javier Núñez-Martínez1, Rafael Luna-Montalbán2, Karla Orozco-Juárez3

  • 1Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Especialidades No.1 del Bajío, Servicio de Medicina Interna. León, Guanajuato, México.

Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social
|July 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The sodium-chloride difference in COVID-19 patients did not predict mortality or mechanical ventilation needs. However, a difference <31 mEq/L was linked to acute kidney injury and longer hospital stays.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hyperchloremia is linked to increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients.
  • The sodium-chloride difference can reflect relative and absolute hyperchloremia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if a sodium-chloride difference <31 mEq/L predicts 28-day mortality in COVID-19 patients.
  • To assess the association between this difference and the need for mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury (AKI), and hospital stay duration.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, descriptive, analytical longitudinal cohort study.
  • Included 722 COVID-19 patients (RT-PCR positive) aged over 16.
  • Measured sodium-chloride difference 24-48 hours post-admission.

Main Results:

  • A sodium-chloride difference <31 mEq/L did not correlate with increased 28-day mortality (OR: 1.35) or mechanical ventilation (OR: 1.19).
  • This difference was significantly associated with a higher risk of AKI (OR: 2.04) and longer hospital stays.

Conclusions:

  • The sodium-chloride difference <31 mEq/L is not a predictor of mortality or mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients.
  • This electrolyte imbalance is associated with increased risk of AKI and prolonged hospitalization in COVID-19 patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acute Kidney InjuryChlorineCoronavirus InfectionsMortalitySARS-CoV-2

More Related Videos

Comparison of Predictive Performance of Three Lymph Node Staging Systems in Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Based on Machine Learning Model07:13

Comparison of Predictive Performance of Three Lymph Node Staging Systems in Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Based on Machine Learning Model

Published on: April 18, 2025

188
Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

2.8K

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
422
Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate01:29

Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate

Chloride ions contribute to the osmotic pressure gradient distinguishing the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the extracellular fluid (ECF). They counterbalance positively charged ions in the ECF and ensure its electrochemical stability. The renal system's process of chloride absorption and release generally mirrors that of sodium ions.
Conditions such as hypochloremia can arise from insufficient chloride reabsorption by the kidneys, often compounded by extended bouts of diarrhea, vomiting,...
350
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
2.6K
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
25
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
21