Fibrous protein composite scaffolds (3D) for tissue regeneration: An in vitro study on skeletal muscle regeneration

The present study explores the differentiation of myoblasts in bioengineered 3D composite scaffolds containing keratin and gelatin. Based on the composition and rheological properties three different scaffolds namely HM1, HM2 and HM3 were prepared, characterized and employed for the present study. The scaffolds were then subjected to C₂C₁₂ myoblasts differentiation under in vitro conditions as per the standard protocols. Results reveal a wide variation in the elastic modulus, water uptake and degradation rate of the scaffolds significantly impact the myogenesis processes. Composite scaffolds HM2 and HM3 ease the myogenesis compared to HM1, wherein, results in nil myogenesis. Among HM2 and HM3, accelerated myogenesis and the significant expression of myogenin mRNA levels along with extensive myotube development were observed in the HM3 scaffold. In conclusion, scaffolds modulus play a vital role in myogenesis and the observations of the present study provide a possible strategy for better skeletal muscle regeneration using composite scaffolds.