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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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In Vitro Cultivation Techniques for Modeling Liver Organogenesis, Building Assembloids, and Designing Synthetic Tissues using Human Cell Lines
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Gastrulation morphogenesis in synthetic systems.

Alyssa A Emig1, Margot L K Williams1

  • 1Center for Precision Environmental Health & Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|July 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic morphogenesis uses pluripotent stem cells to recreate embryonic development in vitro. This review explores how these models mimic early embryonic cell behaviors, advancing developmental biology and regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
EmbryoidGastrulationGastruloidMorphogenesisSynthetic development

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cell culture advances enable in vitro generation of diverse embryonic cell types and structures.
  • Synthetic morphogenesis, the recreation of embryonic form from stem cells, holds promise for developmental biology and regenerative medicine.
  • The ability of stem cell models to replicate in vivo morphogenetic cell behaviors is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review examples of synthetic morphogenesis, focusing on gastrulation and related developmental stages.
  • To explore how in vitro systems recapitulate key morphogenetic cell behaviors observed in natural embryos.
  • To identify opportunities for developing more comprehensive models of early embryonic development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on synthetic morphogenesis using pluripotent stem cells.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on gastrulation and early embryonic axis formation in vitro.
  • Examination of how variations in cell types, species, and culture conditions influence model outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Researchers have successfully recreated aspects of primitive streak formation and primary embryonic axis elongation in vitro.
  • Models demonstrate the recapitulation of neural tube closure and other key developmental events.
  • In vitro/ex vivo systems exhibit cell behaviors that mimic in vivo morphogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic morphogenesis models show significant potential for studying early embryonic development.
  • These models offer valuable insights into the cell behaviors driving natural morphogenesis.
  • Further development is needed for more complete in vitro recapitulation of early embryogenesis.