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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

31.3K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
31.3K
Transcription01:10

Transcription

148.0K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
148.0K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

706
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

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Genetics, epigenetics, and transcriptomics of preterm birth.

Viral G Jain1, Nagendra Monangi2,3,4, Ge Zhang3,4,5

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)
|July 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) has complex genetic and environmental causes. Future research should examine maternal and fetal genetic factors and their environmental interactions to improve prevention strategies.

Keywords:
GWASRNA-seqWESenvironmentepigenomegenesgenomegestationinflammationspontaneoustranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Genetics
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Preterm birth is a major cause of infant mortality and morbidity globally.
  • Limited progress has been made in preventing spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB).
  • Both genetic and environmental factors, including epigenetic modifications, play a role in sPTB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of spontaneous preterm birth.
  • To highlight the need for comprehensive genetic studies in diverse populations.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
  • Whole-exome sequencing
  • Transcriptomics
  • Integrative 'omics approaches

Main Results:

  • Previous studies identified genes in inflammation and immunity pathways associated with sPTB.
  • Evidence suggests epigenetic modifications influenced by environmental signals contribute to sPTB risk.
  • Many existing studies are limited by small sample sizes, single-ethnicity focus, and lack of replication.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic and epigenetic factors, interacting with the environment, are crucial in sPTB.
  • Future research must consider both maternal and fetal genomes and their environmental interactions.
  • Improved understanding is needed for effective sPTB prevention strategies.