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Related Concept Videos

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Reflex Activity

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A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
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COVID-19 can cause blink reflex abnormalities.

Yunus Coşkun1, Halit Fidanci2, İlker Öztürk3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey.

Ideggyogyaszati Szemle
|July 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The blink reflex test revealed subclinical abnormalities in patients post-COVID-19, indicating potential neurological involvement of the brainstem and facial nerves. These findings highlight the lasting impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on the nervous system.

Keywords:
COVID-19blink reflexbrainstemfacial nervetrigeminal nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurophysiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Neurological complications of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) are recognized.
  • The trigeminal and facial nerves, along with brainstem pathways, can be affected by COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate brainstem and trigeminal/facial nerve function in post-COVID-19 individuals.
  • To assess neurological pathways using the blink reflex test in COVID-19 survivors.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study comparing 30 post-COVID-19 patients with 30 healthy controls.
  • The blink reflex test was performed, analyzing R1, ipsilateral R2 (IR2), and contralateral R2 (CR2) waves.
  • Participants had normal neurological examinations and confirmed prior COVID-19 infection.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in R1, IR2, or CR2 latencies/amplitudes were found between groups.
  • A significantly greater side-to-side R1 latency difference was observed in post-COVID-19 patients (1.0±0.8 ms) versus controls (0.5±0.3 ms).
  • Abnormal blink reflex parameters were present in 12 post-COVID-19 patients compared to only one healthy individual.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 can lead to subclinical abnormalities in the blink reflex.
  • These abnormalities suggest potential involvement of the trigeminal nerve, seventh nerve, brainstem, and associated pathways.
  • The blink reflex test is a valuable tool for detecting neurological sequelae of COVID-19.