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Related Concept Videos

Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

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While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Investigating Mast Cell Secretory Granules; from Biosynthesis to Exocytosis
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Investigating Mast Cell Secretory Granules; from Biosynthesis to Exocytosis

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Imaging Secretory Granule Budding from the Trans-Golgi Network Using Retention Using Selective Hook (RUSH).

Cedric S Asensio1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA. Cedric.Asensio@du.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The Retention Using Selective Hook (RUSH) system synchronizes cargo movement in the secretory pathway. This protocol details RUSH experiments for studying secretory granule biogenesis at the trans-Golgi Network.

Keywords:
Cell biologyGolgi apparatusImagingInsulinMembrane traffickingRUSHSecretory granulesTrans-Golgi networkVesicle budding

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 5, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The secretory pathway is crucial for protein trafficking and modification.
  • Visualizing cargo movement within the secretory pathway is essential for understanding cellular processes.
  • The trans-Golgi Network (TGN) is a key sorting station for secretory cargo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a detailed protocol for the Retention Using Selective Hook (RUSH) system.
  • To enable synchronized visualization of cargo trafficking along the secretory pathway.
  • To facilitate the study of secretory granule biogenesis at the TGN.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the RUSH system for cargo retention in the endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Employing a biotin-dependent release mechanism for synchronized cargo movement.
  • Applying fluorescence tagging to track specific cargo proteins.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive protocol for RUSH experiments is described.
  • The method allows for precise temporal control over cargo release.
  • Successful application of RUSH for studying secretory granule formation at the TGN.

Conclusions:

  • The RUSH system offers a powerful tool for dissecting secretory pathway dynamics.
  • This protocol provides a standardized approach for investigating secretory granule biogenesis.
  • RUSH facilitates real-time visualization of protein transport and organelle formation.