Uterine arcuate artery calcification as a potential marker of cardiovascular risk-a preliminary study

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in postmenopausal women. As this is a progressive disease, it is important to identify markers at an early stage during the subclinical period. Arterial calcifications are an indicator of overall atherosclerotic disease and therefore may be used as a marker for the estimation of future atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. The aims of this study are to investigate the relationship between uterine myometrial calcification (UMC) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and to evaluate whether UMC can be a predictive marker for the estimation of future atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic postmenopausal women.

In this cross-sectional study, we assessed 81 postmenopausal women without gynecological complaints for cardiovascular risk factors, UMC, and CIMT. Participants were divided into two risk groups according to their cardiovascular risk factors. The level of UMC was determined using a new scoring system, which was based on transvaginal ultrasonography. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters, UMC scores, and measurements of CIMT were evaluated.

A moderately positive correlation was detected between CIMT and UMC scores ( r = 0.62). There was a significant relationship between UMC scores and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk; the risk of atherosclerosis was 15.4 times higher (OR: 15.4, 95% CI: 5.1-46.8; P = 0.001) in participants with a high UMC score (≥2). According to the multivariable logistic regression model adjusted by age and duration of menopause, the risk of cardiovascular atherosclerosis increased 27.8 fold for those with CIMT of 0.075 or greater (OR: 27.8, 95% CI: 5.3-147.1; P = 0.001) and 9.2 fold for those with a UMC score of 2 or greater (OR: 9.2, CI: 1.22-69.3; P = 0.032).

The presence of UMC has been identified as an independent predictive factor for atherosclerotic risk. Accordingly, considering UMC as an atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factor may provide an opportunity to identify cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. When UMC is detected, women should be assessed for cardiovascular risk.