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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
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Left ventricular noncompaction: a disease or a phenotypic trait?

Guillem Casas1, José F Rodríguez-Palomares2, Ignacio Ferreira-González3

  • 1Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Revista Espanola De Cardiologia (English Ed.)
|July 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) diagnosis needs improvement beyond morphology. A comprehensive approach using imaging, genetics, and family screening can refine diagnosis and management for this cardiac condition.

Keywords:
CardiomyopathyClinical managementDiagnóstico diferencialDifferential diagnosisEstratificación pronósticaMiocardiopatíaRisk stratificationTratamiento clínico

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a poorly defined cardiac entity with variable presentation.
  • Current diagnostic criteria based on hypertrabeculation lack specificity for cardiomyopathy.
  • Management strategies for LVNC are heterogeneous, lacking dedicated clinical guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address diagnostic limitations of current LVNC criteria.
  • To propose an integrated diagnostic approach for hypertrabeculation.
  • To discuss genetic underpinnings and management controversies in LVNC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic criteria and clinical management of LVNC.
  • Proposal of a comprehensive diagnostic strategy incorporating functional imaging, tissue characterization, genetics, and family screening.
  • Analysis of genetic background and overlap with other cardiomyopathies.

Main Results:

  • Morphologic criteria for LVNC have low specificity in identifying true cardiomyopathy.
  • An integrated approach may improve differential diagnosis of hypertrabeculation.
  • Common complications include heart failure, arrhythmias, and embolisms.

Conclusions:

  • Current diagnostic criteria for LVNC are insufficient.
  • A multi-faceted approach including functional imaging, genetics, and family screening is crucial for accurate diagnosis and risk stratification.
  • Individualized patient follow-up and management are recommended.