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Related Concept Videos

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia01:20

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The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Blocking Lymph Flow by Suturing Afferent Lymphatic Vessels in Mice
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Control of lymph node activity by direct local innervation.

Francesco De Virgiliis1, Valeria Maria Oliva1, Burak Kizil1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology (PATIM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Trends in Neurosciences
|July 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The nervous system communicates with immune cells through nerves in lymph nodes, influencing immune responses. Local nerve activity, including neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, controls lymph node function.

Keywords:
circadianneuroimmuneneuropeptidesneurotransmittersperipheral nervous systemsensory nervous systemsympathetic nervous system

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 5, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Lymphocyte Biology
  • Autonomic Nervous System

Background:

  • The nervous system and immune system communicate bidirectionally.
  • Lymph nodes (LNs) are critical sites for adaptive immunity and are innervated by peripheral nerves.
  • Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides secreted by nerves modulate immune cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of local innervation in controlling lymph node activity.
  • To highlight the neuroimmune interactions within lymph nodes.
  • To explore the circadian regulation of immune responses via neuroimmune signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neuroimmune interactions in lymph nodes.
  • Analysis of neurotransmitter and neuropeptide signaling pathways.
  • Discussion of circadian rhythms in nerve activity and immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Lymph nodes receive rich innervation from sympathetic and sensory nerves.
  • Sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine, while sensory nerves release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P.
  • Nerve activity in LNs exhibits time-of-day-dependent oscillations, impacting immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Local nerve activity is a key regulator of lymph node function.
  • Neuroimmune interactions play a crucial role in coordinating immunity.
  • Circadian rhythms in neuroimmune signaling may orchestrate immune responses over time.