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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Gene Conversion

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data
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Alternative splicing as a source of phenotypic diversity.

Charlotte J Wright1,2, Christopher W J Smith3, Chris D Jiggins4

  • 1Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK. cw22@sanger.ac.uk.

Nature Reviews. Genetics
|July 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Alternative splicing, a process where genes create diverse proteins, is a key driver of evolutionary change and species adaptation. New sequencing technologies reveal its rapid evolution between closely related species.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Phenotypic diversity in multicellular organisms arises from genetic processes.
  • Alternative splicing generates protein diversity from single genes, contributing to phenotypic traits.
  • Alternative splicing is known to drive major evolutionary innovations over long timescales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary dynamics of alternative splicing over shorter timescales.
  • To leverage recent advancements in sequencing and genome assembly for comparative analyses.
  • To understand the role of alternative splicing in adaptation and species divergence.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of splicing profiles between closely related species.
  • Utilizing long-read sequencing technologies.
  • Employing high-quality genome assemblies for diverse organisms.

Main Results:

  • Recent technological advances enable detailed comparisons of splicing patterns in related species.
  • Alternative splicing is emerging as a dynamic and rapidly evolving process.
  • This evolutionary lability can contribute to adaptation and the divergence of species.

Conclusions:

  • Alternative splicing is a significant factor in generating phenotypic diversity.
  • It plays a crucial role in evolutionary adaptation and speciation.
  • Its dynamic nature makes it a key area for studying short-term evolutionary processes.