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Related Concept Videos

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

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The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells
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Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells

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Lysosomes in T Cell Immunity and Aging.

Jun Jin1,2,3, Huimin Zhang1,2,3, Cornelia M Weyand1,2,3

  • 1Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.

Frontiers in Aging
|July 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Lysosomes regulate T cell immune responses and aging. This review explores their emerging role in adaptive immunity, moving beyond their traditional function in cellular waste digestion.

Keywords:
T cell agingT follicular helper celllate endosomeslysosomemTORC1memory T cell

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Lysosomes traditionally viewed as cellular waste disposal centers.
  • Emerging evidence highlights lysosomes as key regulators of cell metabolism.
  • Lysosome function in innate immunity is well-established, but their role in adaptive immunity is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of lysosomes in adaptive immunity.
  • To discuss recent findings on lysosomal regulation of T cell differentiation and function.
  • To examine lysosomal dysfunction in T cell aging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on lysosomes and T cell immunology.
  • Analysis of the intersection between lysosomal function, cell metabolism, and T cell responses.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on lysosomal impact on adaptive immunity.

Main Results:

  • Lysosomes are central to T cell differentiation and immune responses.
  • Metabolic regulation by lysosomes significantly impacts T cell function.
  • Lysosomal dysfunction contributes to T cell aging and impaired immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Lysosomes are pivotal signaling hubs in adaptive immunity, not just degradation centers.
  • Understanding lysosomal roles is crucial for T cell immunology and age-related immune decline.
  • Targeting lysosomal pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for immune modulation.