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The Asthma Risk Is Increased in Children with Severe Allergic Rhinitis
Ümmüsen Kaya Akca1, İbrahim Cemal Maslak2, Dilara Uygun2
1Department of Pediatrics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
Insights
Allergic rhinitis severity and sensitization to specific allergens like Dermatophagoides are linked to asthma development in children. Moderate-severe allergic rhinitis and persistent symptoms increase asthma risk, highlighting the need for early intervention.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
- Respiratory Medicine
- Clinical Immunology
Background:
- Allergic rhinitis is a common condition in children, often co-occurring with other allergic diseases and asthma.
- Identifying risk factors for asthma development in children with allergic rhinitis is crucial for timely intervention and management.
- Understanding the relationship between allergic rhinitis severity, allergen sensitization, and comorbidities is essential for comprehensive patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate allergic rhinitis severity in pediatric patients.
- To identify risk factors associated with asthma development in this population.
- To determine the frequency of comorbid conditions in allergic rhinitis patients with positive skin prick tests.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 120 pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis and positive skin prick tests were analyzed.
- Clinical characteristics, including rhinitis severity and comorbidities, were investigated.
- Risk factors for asthma development were assessed using multivariate analysis.
Main Results:
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the most common allergen (61.0%).
- Moderate-severe allergic rhinitis and persistent symptoms were significantly associated with increased asthma incidence (OR: 3.822; P =0.003 and OR: 0.333; P =.007, respectively).
- Allergic conjunctivitis was the most frequent comorbidity (71.7%).
Conclusions:
- Sensitization to Dermatophagoides species and Alternaria is more prevalent in moderate-severe allergic rhinitis cases.
- Moderate-severe allergic rhinitis and persistent symptoms are significant risk factors for asthma development in children.
- Recognizing these risk factors can aid in preventing allergic rhinitis progression and associated complications.
Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the allergic rhinitis severity, to identify risk fac- tors associated with asthma, and to determine the frequency of comorbid conditions in allergic rhinitis patients with positive skin prick test.
Materials And Methods:
Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis were investigated. The frequency of comorbidities and risk factors for asthma development were investigated.
Results:
A total of 120 patients with a mean age of 13.05 ± 3.20 years were included in the study. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the most common source of allergic sensitization (n = 78, 61.0%), whereas mild-persistent disease was the most common type of allergic rhini- tis severity (n = 44, 36.6%). Sensitization to Dermatophagoides farinea, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Alternaria was more common in patients with a moderate-severe course of allergic rhinitis than in the mild group (P = .006, P = .008, and P = .005, respectively). The most frequent comorbidity in children with allergic rhinitis was allergic conjunctivitis (71.7%). The inci- dence of asthma in those with moderate-severe allergic rhinitis was found to be significantly higher compared to those with mild disease severity (P = .009). Also, the multivariate analysis disclosed moderate-severe allergic rhinitis severity and persistent allergic rhinitis symptoms (OR: 3.822; 95% CI: 1.587-9.200; P =0.003 and OR: 0.333; 95% CI: 0.150-0.737; P =.007, respec- tively) as risk factors for asthma development.
Conclusion:
Sensitization to Dermatophagoides farinea, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Alternaria was more frequent in patients with moderate-severe allergic rhinitis course. Also, having moderate-severe allergic rhinitis severity and persistent allergic rhinitis symptoms are associated with the development of asthma. Awareness of the risk factors could prevent the progression and complications of allergic rhinitis in children.
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