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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Using a Comparative Species Approach to Investigate the Neurobiology of Paternal Responses
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How parenthood contributes to gender gaps in academia.

Xiang Zheng1, Haimiao Yuan2, Chaoqun Ni1

  • 1Information School, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.

Elife
|July 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Parenthood, not gender alone, drives academic achievement gaps. Mothers face more work-family conflict and less partner support, widening these disparities. Addressing these issues is key to gender equity in academia.

Keywords:
academic careercomputational biologygender gapmeta-researchnoneparenthoodpartner supportsystems biologywork-family conflict

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology of Science
  • Gender Studies
  • Academic Careers

Background:

  • Parenthood is linked to gender disparities in academic careers.
  • The specific mechanisms driving these disparities remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze gender differences in academic achievement related to parenthood.
  • To explore the impact of work-family conflict and partner support on these gender gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Survey data from 7,764 North American academics.
  • Publication data from Web of Science.
  • Analysis of gender differences in parenthood and academic achievements.

Main Results:

  • Gender gaps in academic achievement were significant in the parent group but not the non-parent group.
  • Mothers reported higher work-family conflict and lower partner support than fathers.
  • These factors significantly contributed to achievement gaps among parents.

Conclusions:

  • Academic achievement gaps are primarily "parenthood gender gaps."
  • Interventions should focus on supporting parents, particularly mothers, to mitigate work-family conflict and enhance partner support.
  • Reducing these gaps is crucial for achieving gender equity in academia.