Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO₂: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives

Just like β-keto acids—which upon thermal decarboxylation form ketones—β-dicarboxylic acids undergo decarboxylation to generate monocarboxylic acids with the liberation of carbon dioxide.

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction

Carboxylic acids possess an acidic –COOH functional group. The acidity can be attributed to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate base, wherein the negative charge is delocalized over both oxygen atoms.

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents

Carboxylic acids can be prepared by the carboxylation of Grignard reagents (RMgX). This method is convenient for converting alkyl (primary, secondary or tertiary), vinyl, benzyl, and aryl halides to carboxylic acids with one additional carbon than the starting RMgX.

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO₂: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids

Carboxylic acids, upon heating, undergo a decarboxylation reaction by releasing carbon dioxide gas. Monocarboxylic acids do not undergo decarboxylation easily. However, a silver salt of carboxylic acid reacts with bromine or iodine under high temperature to release carbon dioxide gas and forms halide with one less carbon. This reaction is called the Hunsdiecker reaction.

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents results in a carboxylic acid. Aldehydes can also be oxidized in the presence of mild oxidizing agents.

Relative Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Relative Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Carboxylic acid derivatives such as acid halides, anhydrides, esters, and amides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions with varying degrees of reactivity.
A key factor in assessing the reactivity of the acid derivatives is the basicity of the substituent or the leaving group. The lower the basicity of the leaving group, the higher the reactivity of the derivative. The basicity of the leaving group follows this order:
Halide ions < Acyloxy ions < Alkoxy ions < Amine ions

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Carbolic Acid in Piles and Other Diseases.

The Southern medical record·2022

Same author

Treatment of Piles.

The Southern medical record·2022

Same author

Dr. Westmoreland and Atlanta Medical College.

The Southern medical record·2022

Same author

Cancer, Trichinosis and Tuberculosis-Are They Incurable?

Atlanta medical and surgical journal·2022

Same author

Treatment of Chronic Nasal Catarrh and Bronchitis.

Atlanta medical register·2022

Same author

Report of Cases in the Medical Clinic.

Atlanta medical and surgical journal·2022

Same journal

The Bloodless Method of Performing Surgical Operations.

Atlanta medical and surgical journal·2022

Same journal

New Procedure in the Operation for Phimosis.

Atlanta medical and surgical journal·2022

Same journal

A Case of Occulsion of the Vagina.

Atlanta medical and surgical journal·2022

Same journal

Prolonged Gestation.

Atlanta medical and surgical journal·2022

Same journal

Inaugural Thesis on the Action of Remedies: For Which the Prize of a Medical Case Was Awarded at the Annual Commencement of the Atlanta Medical College, March 2, 1881.

Atlanta medical and surgical journal·2022

Same journal

Valedictory Address of M. H. O'Daniel, of Bullard's, Ga.

Atlanta medical and surgical journal·2022

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

Published on: May 16, 2016

Carbolic Acid

J G Westmoreland¹

¹Atlanta, Ga.

Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal

|July 13, 2022

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Temperature-programmed Deoxygenation of Acetic Acid on Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts

Temperature-programmed Deoxygenation of Acetic Acid on Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts

Published on: February 7, 2017

Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth

Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth

Published on: January 7, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

Published on: May 16, 2016

Temperature-programmed Deoxygenation of Acetic Acid on Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts

Temperature-programmed Deoxygenation of Acetic Acid on Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts

Published on: February 7, 2017

Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth

Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth

Published on: January 7, 2022