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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

37.7K
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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Redox Titration: Overview01:21

Redox Titration: Overview

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Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
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Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

383
Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
383
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
56.2K
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

5.1K
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
27.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate
08:44

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Published on: February 23, 2016

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Anion Redox in an Amorphous Titanium Polysulfide.

Keiji Shimoda1, Kentaro Kuratani2, Shunsuke Kobayashi3

  • 1Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|July 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Amorphous titanium tetrasulfide (a-TiS4) exhibits sulfur anion redox activity in lithium-ion batteries. Deep lithiation enables a conversion reaction, yielding high practical capacity for advanced energy storage.

Keywords:
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopyamorphous transition-metal polysulfidesanion redoxdensity functional calculationslithium−sulfur batteriesoperando NMR spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Amorphous transition-metal polysulfides offer high theoretical capacities for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
  • Understanding sulfur anion redox is crucial for optimizing these materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate sulfur anion redox during lithiation of amorphous titanium tetrasulfide (a-TiS4).
  • Determine the structural and electronic changes in a-TiS4 upon lithium accommodation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigations
  • Theoretical simulations
  • Bader charge analysis

Main Results:

  • Amorphous TiS4 exhibits diverse sulfur valence states (S2-, S-, Sδ-).
  • Lithiation leads to the breakage of S-S bonds and a drastic decrease in sulfur valency.
  • Deep lithiation results in a conversion reaction to metallic Ti and Li2S.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfur acts as a redox-active element in a-TiS4 up to Li4TiS4 composition.
  • Amorphous TiS4 achieves a high practical capacity of ~1000 mAh g-1 via conversion reaction at lower cutoff voltages.
  • This study provides insights into the electrochemical behavior of amorphous transition-metal polysulfides for battery applications.