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Genes for human U4 small nuclear RNA.

C Bark, P Weller, J Zabielski

    Gene
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers identified human genes for U4 small nuclear RNA (U4 snRNA), revealing two transcriptionally active genes. One gene perfectly matches U4C RNA, while the second likely encodes a novel U4 RNA variant, expanding our understanding of U4 snRNA gene families.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • RNA Biology

    Background:

    • Mammalian cells express three major U4 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) species: U4A, U4B, and U4C.
    • U4 snRNA plays a crucial role in the spliceosome, essential for pre-mRNA splicing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To isolate and characterize human genes encoding U4 snRNA.
    • To investigate the transcriptional activity and regulatory elements of U4 snRNA genes.

    Main Methods:

    • Human DNA library screening to isolate U4 snRNA genes.
    • RNA polymerase II activity assay using alpha-amanitin.
    • Sequence analysis of U4 snRNA genes and their flanking regions.
    • Comparative analysis with known U1 and U2 snRNA genes.

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    Main Results:

    • Two transcriptionally active human U4 snRNA genes were identified.
    • One gene precisely matches the U4C RNA sequence; the second gene's sequence suggests a novel U4 RNA variant.
    • Conserved sequence motifs in the 5'-flanking regions, including a putative enhancer element and an octanucleotide motif, were found.
    • The human genome contains a large family of U4 snRNA genes (at least 100 copies).

    Conclusions:

    • Human U4 snRNA genes exhibit distinct sequence features and conserved regulatory elements.
    • The findings suggest a complex gene family for U4 snRNA, potentially encoding multiple functional variants.
    • U4 snRNA transcription is likely mediated by RNA polymerase II or a similar enzyme.