Association between autism spectrum disorder and peripartum events: a case-control study

Area of Science:

• Perinatology
• Developmental Pediatrics
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
• Understanding the etiology of ASD is crucial for early intervention and prevention strategies.
• Peripartum events represent a critical window for potential influences on neurodevelopment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between specific peripartum events and the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
• To identify risk factors during the peripartum period that may contribute to ASD etiology.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study was conducted in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil.
• The study included 253 children/adolescents (2-15 years) diagnosed with ASD and 852 controls.
• Data were collected via maternal questionnaires and analyzed using multiple logistic regression.

Main Results:

• Meconium in amniotic fluid was associated with an increased likelihood of ASD (ORa 1.67).
• Cesarean delivery, particularly emergency cesarean, was linked to higher ASD risk (ORa 1.65 and 2.38, respectively).
• Exposure to two or more unfavorable peripartum events significantly increased ASD likelihood (ORa 1.59).

Conclusions:

• Meconium-stained amniotic fluid and cesarean delivery are significant factors associated with ASD.
• Multiple adverse peripartum events collectively elevate the risk for ASD development.
• These findings highlight the importance of considering peripartum complications in ASD etiology research.