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3D Printing for Complex Cranial Surgery Education: Technical Overview and Preliminary Validation Study.

Christopher S Graffeo1, Avital Perry1, Lucas P Carlstrom1

  • 1Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.

Journal of Neurological Surgery. Part B, Skull Base
|July 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

3D printed skull base models significantly improve understanding of neuroanatomy and surgical approach selection for complex cranial surgery training. These models enhance trainee decision-making when used alongside traditional methods.

Keywords:
3D printingcerebrovascularcomplex cranial surgeryneuroanatomypedagogysimulationskull base

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Education
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, offers versatile applications.
  • Patient-specific 3D models are crucial for simulation and education in complex cranial surgery.
  • Developing low-cost, high-fidelity models is a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the educational value of 3D printed skull base models for teaching complex cranial surgical approaches.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of these models in improving neurosurgical residents' understanding and approach selection.
  • To compare the effectiveness of 3D models with traditional 2D methods.

Main Methods:

  • Created and printed 3D skull base models from cadaveric dissections.
  • Assessed model educational value with 3 neurosurgery residents using 10 radiographic and 2 printed case examples.
  • Determined efficacy through agreement surveys and approach selection accuracy.

Main Results:

  • All residents agreed 3D models significantly improved understanding of neuroanatomy and approach selection compared to 2D methods.
  • Mean approach selection accuracy was 90% (±13%) for imaging cases and 92% (±7%) overall.
  • 3D models enhanced decision-making for both radiographic and printed cases, though not superior to hands-on teaching.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printed models of skull base approaches are valuable additions to complex cranial surgery education.
  • These models show potential as dissection guides, preoperative study aids, and tools for approach selection training.
  • Preliminary analysis indicates substantial pedagogical value for 3D printed models in neurosurgical training.