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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Transplantation of Human Stem Cell-Derived GABAergic Neurons into the Early Postnatal Mouse Hippocampus to Mitigate Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Stem Cell Therapy in Treating Epilepsy.

Bao-Luen Chang1,2, Kuo-Hsuan Chang1,2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|July 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell therapy offers a promising approach for treating epilepsy, especially drug-resistant forms. This regenerative medicine strategy aims for long-term seizure control by addressing neuronal damage and dysfunction.

Keywords:
disease modelsdisease-modifyingepilepsygenetic engineeringgraftseizurestem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting millions, with a significant portion of patients unresponsive to current treatments.
  • Uncontrolled seizures lead to neuronal damage, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Stem cell therapy presents a potential regenerative approach for managing epilepsy, particularly in cases of drug resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in stem cell therapy for epilepsy.
  • To discuss the mechanisms, types of grafts, and therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation in epilepsy models.
  • To summarize cell and animal models utilized in stem cell research for epilepsy treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical animal research and clinical trials involving various stem cell types.
  • Analysis of stem cell transplantation goals, graft mechanisms, and observed therapeutic effects.
  • Compilation of cell and animal models used to evaluate stem cell efficacy in epilepsy.

Main Results:

  • Various stem cell types, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs), have been investigated.
  • Stem cell therapy demonstrates potential for long-term seizure control and mitigating seizure-induced neuronal damage.
  • Preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence for the efficacy of stem cell-based interventions in epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell therapy is a promising therapeutic avenue for epilepsy, offering regenerative potential for drug-resistant cases.
  • Understanding the mechanisms and optimizing graft strategies are crucial for advancing stem cell treatments for epilepsy.
  • Continued research using relevant models is essential to translate stem cell therapies into clinical practice for epilepsy management.