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COVID-19 vaccination-triggered cluster headache episodes with frequent attacks
Roemer B Brandt1, Rosa-Lin H Ouwehand1, Michel D Ferrari1
1Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|July 14, 2022
Summary
COVID-19 vaccination may trigger new cluster headache episodes in some patients. This suggests a potential link between vaccination and the activation of neuroinflammatory pathways, impacting cluster headache sufferers.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- The exact pathophysiology and triggers for cluster headache remain poorly understood.
- Recurrent inflammation within the trigeminovascular system is a leading hypothesis.
- Some patients with long-term remission from cluster headaches experienced new episodes post-COVID-19 vaccination.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential of COVID-19 vaccination to trigger new cluster headache episodes.
- To document clinical characteristics of cluster headache recurrences following vaccination.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective case series of seven patients with cluster headache.
- Data collected from tertiary and general hospitals in the Netherlands (March-December 2021).
- Analysis of clinical features and timing between vaccination and new cluster headache onset.
Main Results:
- Seven patients with prior long-term remission reported new cluster headache episodes within days of COVID-19 vaccination.
- Detailed clinical characteristics of previous and new episodes were recorded.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 vaccination may act as a trigger for new cluster headache episodes.
- This effect might be mediated by the induction of a pro-inflammatory state in the trigeminocervical complex.
- COVID-19 vaccines could potentially exacerbate other neuroinflammatory conditions.
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