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Viscous droplet impingement on soft substrates.

Marcus Lin1, Quoc Vo1, Surjyasish Mitra2

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Droplets hitting soft surfaces can bounce, wet, or hover. This study reveals how liquid properties and surface softness dictate these outcomes, offering a new measure for liquid repellency.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Droplet impact dynamics on surfaces are crucial in various scientific and industrial applications.
  • The behavior of viscous droplets on soft substrates is complex, involving bouncing, wetting, and hovering.
  • Understanding the interplay between fluid properties and substrate mechanics is key to controlling these phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the conditions governing droplet behaviors (bouncing, wetting, hovering) on soft substrates.
  • To systematically analyze the influence of substrate elasticity, impact velocity, and liquid viscosity.
  • To establish a quantitative measure of liquid repellency based on droplet impact dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic experimental variation of substrate elasticity, impact velocity, and liquid viscosity.
  • Measurement of droplet behavior transitions (wetting vs. non-wetting).
  • Analysis of the relationship between Weber number (We) and Ohnesorge number (Oh) for different substrate elasticities.

Main Results:

  • The Weber number at the wetting transition shows a non-monotonic dependence on the Ohnesorge number for soft substrates, unlike rigid ones.
  • A critical Weber number for non-wetting impacts was determined as a function of substrate elasticity.
  • This critical Weber number serves as a reliable quantitative measure of liquid repellency across diverse surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Substrate softness significantly alters the conditions for droplet wetting and non-wetting.
  • The identified critical Weber number provides a universal metric for assessing liquid repellency.
  • Findings advance the understanding of fluid-structure interactions on deformable surfaces.