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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Subsequent T...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Long-COVID in immunocompromised children.

Karolina Kuczborska1, Piotr Buda2, Janusz Książyk2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Av. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland. k.kuczborska@ipczd.pl.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|July 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Immunocompetent children are more likely to experience long-COVID symptoms and daily life limitations following COVID-19 infection compared to immunocompromised children. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these differences.

Keywords:
ImmunodeficiencyLong-COVIDPediatric populationSARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Long COVID, characterized by persistent symptoms affecting multiple organs and mental health post-COVID-19, is increasingly recognized.
  • While COVID-19 often presents mildly in children, the long-term effects, particularly in immunocompromised versus immunocompetent children, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prevalence and clinical characteristics of long COVID in children with and without immunodeficiency.
  • To assess the impact of long COVID on the daily functioning of these two pediatric groups.

Main Methods:

  • A self-constructed questionnaire was administered to parents of 147 children (70 with immunodeficiency, 77 immunocompetent).
  • The questionnaire gathered data on general health, COVID-19 course, long COVID symptoms, impact on daily life, MIS-C diagnosis, and vaccination status.

Main Results:

  • Immunocompetent children exhibited a higher prevalence of long COVID (60.0% within 12 weeks) than immunocompromised children (35.7%).
  • Symptoms like fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance, and concentration difficulties were more common in immunocompetent children, while gastrointestinal issues were slightly more prevalent in the immunocompromised group.
  • Long COVID risk increased with age and COVID-19 severity in both groups, with immunocompetent children experiencing more frequent limitations in daily activities (41.8% vs. 25%).

Conclusions:

  • Long COVID is less prevalent and has a reduced impact on daily functioning in immunocompromised children compared to their immunocompetent peers.
  • The precise pathomechanisms driving these observed differences in long COVID prevalence and severity between the two groups remain unclear and warrant further investigation.