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Hyperplastic gingivitis during diltiazem therapy.

S Giustiniani, F Robustelli della Cuna, M Marieni

    International Journal of Cardiology
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil and diltiazem, can cause hyperplastic gingivitis in patients with ischemic heart disease. This gum condition resolves upon drug discontinuation and reappears with re-administration, suggesting a link to the drug class.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Pharmacology
    • Oral Medicine

    Background:

    • Ischemic heart disease necessitates pharmacologic management, often involving calcium channel blockers.
    • Verapamil is a commonly prescribed calcium antagonist for cardiovascular conditions.

    Observation:

    • A patient with ischemic heart disease developed hyperplastic gingivitis during verapamil treatment.
    • The gingival hyperplasia resolved after discontinuing verapamil.
    • Recurrence of gingivitis was observed upon administration of diltiazem, another calcium antagonist.

    Findings:

    • The patient's hyperplastic gingivitis was directly associated with calcium antagonist therapy.
    • Both verapamil and diltiazem elicited similar gingival side effects.

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    Implications:

    • Calcium antagonists, as a drug class, may induce gingival changes.
    • The mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers is implicated in the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival hyperplasia.
    • Clinicians should monitor for and consider gingival side effects in patients on calcium antagonist therapy.